Lake Kelimutu is one of Indonesia’s most fascinating natural wonders. Located on Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara, this lake is known for its unique phenomenon: the periodic change in water color. This phenomenon has captured the attention of scientists, tourists, and local communities for years. But what causes Lake Kelimutu to change color? Is there a mystical element at play, or can science explain this phenomenon?
The Uniqueness of Lake Kelimutu
Lake Kelimutu consists of three lakes, each with colors that change unpredictably. These three lakes are located at the summit of Mount Kelimutu and are named by the local people as follows:
- Tiwu Ata Polo – Often red or brown, believed to be the resting place of the souls of those who committed evil deeds.
- Tiwu Ko’o Fai Nuwa Muri – Usually blue or green, believed to be the resting place of the souls of young people who passed away.
- Tiwu Ata Mbupu – Often white or black, thought to be the resting place of the souls of the elderly who have passed away.
The color changes of these three lakes do not follow a specific pattern and can happen at unpredictable times. In recent years, the colors observed have included blue, green, red, black, brown, and white.
Causes of Color Change
Although many myths and legends surround Lake Kelimutu, scientists have studied this phenomenon from a scientific perspective. Several factors contribute to the color changes in the lake:
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Volcanic Activity
Mount Kelimutu is an active volcano, and its geothermal activity greatly influences the composition of the lake water. Volcanic gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, which emerge from the lake’s bottom, can react with the water, causing color changes. -
Mineral and Chemical Composition
The water color changes also result from chemical reactions between various minerals in the lake. Elements such as iron and manganese can oxidize or dissolve in water, affecting its color. For instance, high iron content can produce red or brown hues, while sulfur can create green or blue colors. -
Environmental Factors
Rainfall, air temperature, and sunlight exposure also play a role in the lake’s color changes. Rain can dilute or alter the mineral content in the water, while temperature changes and sunlight intensity can trigger chemical reactions that shift the lake’s color. -
Microorganisms
Some studies suggest that certain microorganisms living in the water also contribute to the color changes. These microorganisms can alter the lake’s chemical composition through biological processes such as mineral oxidation and reduction.
Cultural and Tourism Significance
For the local community, Lake Kelimutu is not just a natural phenomenon but also holds deep spiritual significance. They believe the lake is the final resting place of ancestral spirits. As a result, many traditional rituals are performed around the lake to honor these spirits.
Besides its cultural value, Lake Kelimutu is also one of Indonesia’s top tourist destinations. Its breathtaking beauty attracts many visitors, both domestic and international. Hikers and photographers often visit the lake in the early morning to witness a spectacular sunrise with a backdrop of colorful lakes.
Lake Kelimutu remains one of Indonesia’s most intriguing natural mysteries. Although scientific research has provided explanations for its color changes, the phenomenon continues to amaze and inspire awe in all who witness it. Whether viewed from a scientific or cultural perspective, Lake Kelimutu is a testament to the beauty and wonder of nature, deserving of preservation and appreciation.
